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Long Crossings, by S.E. Crie
Chapter Eleven

A Daughter's Search

Alta Hawthorne Callahan. Circa 1895. S.E. Crie collection.

While Alta’s life is told more in depth in her mother, Annie Callahan Taylor's story[1], a summary of her own path follows here.

Through all her years—growing up, raising children and carving out a living downriver—Alta never forgot her father. By her memory, she last saw him in 1898. He cried the last time they said goodbye. She was about eleven years old and didn’t know she would never see him again.

She never forgot him—and neither did the old-timers downriver, men who had worked beside her father when she was a little. They knew that he died in the war, but she wanted something she could hold in her hands. Something official. Something certain.

Alta was born in Shoup, Idaho on February 4, 1887—the first child born in the downriver mining camp. Her parents, James A. and Annie Crie (Graves) Callahan had moved from Butte, Montana to Idaho just months before her birth.

Her brother Edward Graves Callahan, was born on October 12, 1888, after the family moved to Pine Creek. Their mother Annie, was a regular correspondent for the Idaho Recorder, writing under various pen names along with her own name. Their father James was a miner and prospector.

The children rode horseback with their parents over the mountains and canyons of the Salmon River country—visiting mines, hot springs, neighbors and social gatherings that stitched remote communities together.

Her father, James spent much of 1888 working at Bayhorse. The summer of 1889, he left on a prospecting trip and did not return. Annie moved the children back to Shoup where she worked as camp cook for the Kentuck’s miners.[2] In 1891 her mother filed for divorce on grounds of abandonment. That summer, Annie married William Edward Taylor, an amalgamator and mill man at the Kentuck mine. Alta and Ed’s half-brother, William Roy Taylor was born in 1892.

The family lived in Gibbonsville from 1893–1898. Though James was no longer part of their daily lives, he visited now and then—enough that she knew who her father was.

By the summer of 1889, Annie and Bill Taylor were back in Shoup with the children, then soon moved to Pine Creek. Life on the ranch was never easy. The men worked the mines; the women and children kept the farm producing. School in Shoup ran September through April, while spring and summer were spent tending livestock, planting and putting up food for winter.

On September 18, 1906, Alta married Peter Barton in Salmon City. They were wed by Reverend Frank Bonner with Nellie Jones and Leon Stiles as attendants. The couple first settled in Gibbonsville, where their daughter Edna Corrine was born on September 16, 1907.

Peter Barton, originally from Fenton, Missouri, came west at the urging of his siblings. William Barton had a ranch in Carmen while Julia Barton Casey and her husband Frank lived in Ulysses. They asked Peter to bring chickens with him. He did—up to a point. Frustrated trying to load cages onto the stage, he wrung their necks instead.[3]

When the Ulysses mine needed workers, Peter and Alta moved up the mountain. Their daughter Alta Natalia was born there on February 5, 1909. By 1910, the family returned to Pine Creek, where Ethelwyn Dean was born August 24, 1910; Julia Frances on January 4, 1912; and Theo Dorothy on August 5, 1913. Then it was back to Ulysses again.

In 1912, Alta learned that her grandfather, Edward Small Graves of South Thomaston, Maine had died in 1904 and left a bank deposit in her name. She sent an affidavit and received the inheritance, though no record survives of the amount or whether other grandchildren were included in his legacy.

Her brother Ed Callahan met Nora Williams of Hailey, Idaho. They were married in 1911. Her half-brother Billy Taylor married Madge Buster of North Fork on Christmas Day, 1913.

When Peter and Alta left Pine Creek for Ulysses, Ed Callahan and Nora moved to the ranch. Her step-dad, Bill Taylor was rarely home, following mining work throughout Lemhi County. Ed worked the Gold Hill mine near Shoup while Annie and Nora kept the ranch going.

Eventually, Alta and Peter had two sons—Peter Jr., born July 30, 1915 and Myron Taylor, born May 9, 1918. Alta’s brother Ed and his family left Shoup around 1919.

Back in 1915, both Bill and Annie had applied for ownership of the Pine Creek homestead. Bill received the patent and sold the ranch just before 1920. He and Annie then moved up to Ulysses taking up residence in an abandoned saloon.

Alta and Peter divorced in the spring of 1923. Alta remained in Ulysses; the older girls lived with their father during the school year in Butte, returning to Alta each April. In 1924, she wintered in Shoup and the following year moved there permanently, running a boarding house for miners and visitors.

Alta’s mother Annie Crie Taylor, died in 1927.

On November 25, 1929, Alta bought the house in Shoup—described as House Number 2—for fifty dollars. It is still standing, the first building on the right as you enter town. Sadly, it now sits in disrepair when it should be preserved.

Years later, during the Great Depression, Ed and Nora returned to Shoup with their four children to lease the Monolith Mine on Boulder Creek. They made their home in the abandoned boarding house near the mine. Relief came in November 1933 with the arrival of the Civilian Conservation Corps. Camp F-103 was established just below Shoup, part of the ambitious plan to carve a road down the Salmon River canyon. On the Riggins side, crews pushed 22 miles upriver to Vinegar Creek before the war halted construction. The two ends never met. Alta’s brother Billy Taylor was hired by the CCC to oversee construction of offices, kitchens, and bunkhouses, while Bill Taylor mentored Ed in the tunnels of the Monolith. Rough as it was, the families were together.

After Alta turned fifty she began a persistent, methodical search for information about her father. She wanted records—proof that James A. Callahan who had died in the Philippines, was her father.

Alta began corresponding with her father’s old comrades from the war. The first letter of reply came from J.H. Alexander of Anaconda—the same man who had marched beside James on the day he was killed.


Anaconda, Montana


Dec. 12, 1939



Mrs. Alta Callahan Barton


Shoup, Idaho



Dear Mrs. Barton:

How well do I remember James A. Callahan, the genial Company Clerk, of "K". Better known in our Regiment as "The Fighting Irish". I served with him more than thirteen months before he was killed in April, 1899. I gather from your account that there is but little doubt but that he was your father. Although he never intimated to me he was ever married nor did he have much to say about his past. He was very likable and friendly and was a very capable Clerk and above the average in intelligence. At the time of death I would say about 40 years of age.

Had you written this letter say, 20 or 25 years ago, before most of the old-timers had passed on it would have been fairly easy to trace one. I am one of four members of old Company "K" now remaining in Anaconda. The greater part have answered the last Muster Call. Tonight I called on one whom I thought might know something of "Jimmy's" past, with no success. Most of the officers of our Company and Regiment have long since passed, but I have one clue left. I'm forwarding your letter to Captain Philip Greenan, formerly First Lieutenant of Company "K" with my request that he furnish you with any information he may possess.

I might state that the morning he was killed I was marching beside him, and he showed me a bullet hole in the rim of his hat he had received the day before, and he had a feeling that the next would be his finish. I was appointed a Company Clerk upon his passing and acted as such until our final discharge in Oct. 1899. James A. Callahan, that I knew and telling you about was rather heavy set: about 5 ft 6 or 7 inches tall; light brown hair and evidently had quite some experience at office work. One that you or I should not be ashamed to own as a father.

If I can be of any service to you in the future in this matter, don't hesitate to call on me.



I am respectfully yours,


J.H. Alexander


Anaconda, Montana

_____



State of Montana Board of Equalization

Phil Greenan


Helena, Montana


December 28, 1939



Dear Madam:

Your letter of December 10 to Phil Greenan, Great Falls, has been transferred to me in Helena for answer. Also your letter to Mr. John Alexander of Anaconda has been referred to me for answer. I cannot give you the important information I know that you want for the reason that I was never so close to Mr. Callahan as to find out his personal affairs. I was with your father at the time he was killed; in fact, I was standing alongside him and was the first to pick him up. He did not say anything to me after he was shot for the reason that he was paralyzed after being hit and could not speak. I remember placing him in an ambulance and sending him to the rear but understood from some of the other boys that he died half an hour or so after he was taken in the ambulance.

I don't know of any of the other soldiers who were personally acquainted with your father who could give you the information you request. Most of them have passed on, as it is forty years and over since we were in the Philippines.

From what conversations I had with your dad, I learned that he was born in upstate New York, but I never had any conversations with him as to his residing in Idaho and that he was married and had a family. For some time I took quite an interest in him, so as to keep him on the straight and narrow path, as at times he like to take at least a drink too many. At that time he was Company Clerk in our company and I took interest enough in him to be able to straighten him out and he became a wonderfully good soldier and did not touch drink for many months.

I only wish I could prove in some way that he was married and had a family as to help you out in proving he was your father, but I have no record of any kind and his muster in roll shows that his address was Anaconda, Montana and as you state in your letter, his nearest relative was given as Ed. J. Callahan, New York. I am much interested in trying to help you for the reason that your father had some money coming from the State of Montana, which is a small amount, $24.00 or $25.00; if I can be of any assistance to you at any time, I will be very glad to help you.

Sincerely yours,
Phil Greenan

_____


May 16, 1940

Dear Mr. Pinkard,

Night before last I made a trip over to Anaconda and took over the paper containing the picture which Pete[4] brought over. Sorry to say, they did not identify the man that Mr. Smith did, but Mr. Alexander identifies this other one and then he took me over to a Mr. Fitzpatrick’s house who also saw James A. Callahan killed and who knew him real well, and he identifies the sam one as Mr. Alexander. I feel that these men are right as they could name every man in the picture. They said the young fellow in the front row that Mr. Smith had picked out was Mr. Blknap. You had some correspondence relative to him, I believe. There is only 50 men in the picture and there are 84 in the company and they could name those who weren’t in the picture. Mr. Alexander is in the picture, but Mr. Fitzpatrick is not. They said that the whole Company was never together for a picture anyway.

By using a strong magnifying glass I think you will see a resemblance to Mother in the one that they picked out. They said her father was a little older than the majority of the soldiers and the enlistment records show him to have been 42 or 43. The picture that Mr. Smith picked out was undoubtedly a young fellow and they said Belknap was not much older than twenty.

I took the picture up to have a copy made and the men advised against an enlargement of the whole picture as he said that it makes the features dimmer. They will have the picture made for me Friday evening and I will send it to you at once, since returning the paper. Mr. Alexander said that the picture would probably not have more significance enlarged than just as it is. The photographer said that the enlargement could be made at any time if necessary.

Mr. Alexander advised that Mother and Uncle Ed forward a claim for this Travel Pay to which they are entitled according to the law passed on May 2nd. I am sending you a paper that Mr. Alexander gave me which explains this bill in detail. Mr. Alexander also had a letter from the Veteran’s Adminstration which stated that there was no form, but that the claim should be made, giving the claimant’s names, relationship, and the information regarding his enlistment, Company, date of death, etc.

Mr. Alexander says there should be no delay about this and it may be the quickest way of clearing this matter up, because if they refuse to pay the claim, they will have to prove that Mother has no right to it and in this way will give her a chance to prove her relationship by completing forms, etc., which they may require for this purpose. He says these claims will start pouring in at once so the sooner the betters. He wanted me to do it, but since you have worked so hard I thought that I would much rather let you keep up the good work and if you wish to fix up this claim, Mother and Uncle Ed are both here in Butte and I can get their signatures for you. Don’t hesitate to ask me to do things for you that I can here in Butte, and don’t feel that I am trying to take things out of your hands because we will always be eternally grateful to you, even though no direct results are obtained.

I didn’t let on to Mr. Alexander that there was anything other than relationship in which Mother was interested and he suggested the claim for travel pay as one of the quickest ways of establishing this relationship.

Mr. Alexander and Mr. Fitzpatrick are both very kindly men and the evening spent in Anaconda was most pleasant. They gave me details of my grandfather’s death which was were very interesting. They said that Co. K was behind the firing lines resting as they had been in the front firing lines day after day and had been ordered to rest. They were supposed to stay down below an embankment, but said the day was unbearably hot and they would keep coming up on the side in the shade. Mr. Alexander said that every now and then a volley of shots would pour around and then when it got quiet they would come up again and he said the very knoll on which Jimmy Callahan was sitting was where he had been sitting just before and he said five minutes after “Jimmy” climbed up there he was hit squarely in the stomach with a bullet. By the time the men could clamber up to him he was unconscious and died on the stretcher before they could get him to the ambulance. They said that he was unusually short in stature and of sandy-complexion and had quite a large stomach (bay window as they say now), very heavy-set.

Mother is home from the hospital and is getting along fine. She had a miserable day yesterday but it was undoubtedly the reaction from some treatments which she is taking for a while.

The claim for the travel allowance is to be sent to the General Accounting Office, Washington, D.C. and the claim is to be made by Alta Callahan Barton and Edward G. Callahan.

Mr. Alexander and Mr. Fitzpatrick certainly enjoyed seeing the old paper with the picture in it.

I wrote Pete yesterday telling him that I could not get a copy of the Anaconda Standards as of October 24, 1899, as all the papers had been burned last year and they only went back to 1903. I may be able to get the Butte Miner of that date if that would be of value to you.

I hope that I have not gone too much into detail and that this letter will be of some aid to you. I will send the paper and picture by insured mail.

Yours very sincerely,

Edna Harris

1901 Florence Ave.

Butte Montana

_____

June 6, 1940

Mr. Pinkard

Shoup, Idaho

Dear Mr. Pinkard:

I am sending you today under separate cover the picture which Mr. Alexander had enlarged, also copies of the claim which were forwarded to Washington in reference to Travel Pay, Etc.

Mr. Alexander had the picture enlarged and then came to the conclusion after seeing the enlarged picture under the magnifying glass, that James A Callahan is not in the picture. There are but two in this now picture that he cannot identify and he feels sure that neither of them is him. However, he felt that if some of the old timers over there could see the picture, they might verify his statements. He and the other men in Anaconda now believe that the man they had picked out in the first picture was not him at all, so you are just where you started in regards to these pictures. Mr. Alexander is of the opinion that he stayed out of the picture on purposely.

I checked at the Court House here and they do not have records back further than October, 1877, but suggested that I contact the records for Deer Lodge County as the old records for Montana Territory were kept there. I have not heard from them yet. I they have his handwriting I will get a copy (photostatic) for you.

Mother is feeling somewhat better the last four or five days and stays up a little longer at a time than she has before.

Mr. Emigh, an attorney here in Butte connected with Senator Murray’s office, says that we should wait before trying to get too much of the information, because you never know what they will ask for, as they handle each case differently. He has just completed a case where he got $10,000 for the people he represented and he said they asked for entirely different matter than he had ever had to supply before. At the same time he said it was good to find out where we could get such things as pictures, affidavits, etc. He offered to help all he could if you needed him here in Butte. He is a personal friend of mine and also does work for the Association for which I work.

Mr. Alexander suggests that affidavits be secured from people in Lemhi County who knew that he enlisted and was killed stating that he was the same person as James A. Callahan, the father of Alta and Ed Callahan, or something to that effect.

With kindest regards, I am

Yours Very Truly,

E.B. H.[5]


CLAIM FOR TRAVEL PAY, MILEAGE & PER DIEM, ETC.

FOR SERVICE IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AFTER APRIL 11.

H.R. 289 - MAY 2, 1940

[Copy - note written at top of page: Uncle Ed made out one just like this]

ALTA CALLAHAN BARTON}

EDWARD C. CALLAHAN}[6]

On this 6th day of June, A.D. 1940, personally appeared a Notary Public for the State of Montana, ALTA CALLAHAN BARTON, who, being makes the following statements:

I am the daughter of JAMES A. CALLAHAN, who was killed in action at Ca. Philippine Islands, on the 26th day of April, 1899. I am my brother, Edward C. Callahan, are the nearest surviving relatives and only children of James A. Callahan, above mentioned. Our Mother, Annee C. Callahan Taylor, was married to the aforesaid James A. Callahan, on or about the 17th day of January 1886,[7] at Butte, Montana, and obtained a decree of divorce at Salmon, Idaho, on April 28, 1891. I was four years of age at the time of the divorce decree, and my brother Edward C. Callahan, was two years of age.

I hereby make application for the Travel Pay due me by reason of the said James A. Callahan having been retained in the service of the United States after April 11, 1899, as a volunteer during the Philippine Insurrection after said date. He was enrolled April 28, 1898, at Anaconda, Montana, and mustered in May 7, 1898, at Helena, Montana, as Private, Company “K”, 1st Montana Volunteer Infantry. He was serving as a Private in said regiment on the 11th day of April, 1899; in the Philippine Islands. He was killed in action near Calumpit, Philippine Islands, April 26, 1899.

I hereby appoint J. H. Alexander, 521 Oak Street, Anaconda, Montana as my attorney-in-fact to prosecute this claim.

Signed: Alta Callahan Barton

1901 Florence Ave. Butte, Montana

Signed by witnesses: Mrs. Theo Henne,[8] 1404 Warren Ave. Butte, Montana; Mrs. Leta Honey, 1402 Warren Ave. Butte, Montana

1901 Florence Ave

Butte, Montana

_______

Mr. J. H. Alexander

521 Oak Street

Anaconda, Montana


Re: Claim for Travel Pay by Alta Callahan Barton and Edward G. Callahan

Dear Mr. Alexander:

I have been unable to get in touch with Mr. Van Arden here in Butte, so have taken the liberty of naming you as Attorney-in-fact to put through Mother’s and Uncle Ed’s Claim for Travel Pay.

Mother feels that she would rather have you do it as she feels she knows you personally now.

Mr. Emigh, Attorney, who is connected with Senator Murray’s office here in Butte, looked over this claim after I had prepared it and said that it was in proper form and they (meaning Mother and Uncle Ed) would be notified if they should procure further affidavits, etc.

I have made these claims up in duplicate and also have a copy here. I thought that possibly it would be better that way and would shave you having to have another copy made up. I also enclose envelope for sending it in to Washington, but wanted you to see the Claim since your name is included therein, and after reading it over would appreciate your enclosing it therein and sending them on for us.

Thanking you for past favors and with kindest regards to yourself and Mrs. Alexander, I am

Yours very truly

Edna B. Harris

_____

March 17, 1940


Alta Callahan Barton


Shoup, Idaho



Dear Madam,

Your letter of March 1 received OK. I am sorry I can not give you the information you want I only knew him slightly as he was a member of Co.K and I belonged to F Co. 1st Mont. Vol Inft. Capt. Thomas S. Dillon was his Commander who died here in Seattle several years ago. James A. Callahan was shot at Calumpit Island of Luzon P.I. Apr. 26 - 1899 as I recollect it I was about ten feet away when a bullet hit him in the stomach and of course you know a wound of that sort is almost always fatal. The Regiment Chaplin, Capt. Geo. C. Stull was with him and done what he could but it was all over in a few minutes. I sometimes go over to Orting and I will look Herman Blank up. I have the Regiment Roster with the names of all members of the Regiment but I doubt if any one could give you the information you want. Still then is always a chance he had some one that was close to him that would know something of his past life.

I have some photos somewhere of his Co. if I can find them I will send them to you. Do you remember if any of your folk got the state metal that was given to us on our return to Butte Mont. and also some money we had coming to us. If his folks didn't get it you can find out about it from the Adjunct Gen. Office Helena State of Montana about $22.00 all told. This money covers the time we were mustered out of the State troop into the United States Service. If there are any names you want that belong to his Co. let me know and I will send them to you.



Respectfully,


Charles Elwell


1006 East Jefferson St.
Seattle, WA.

_____

Anaconda, Montana

May 2, 1940

Mrs. Alta C. Barton

Shoup, Idaho

Dear Mrs. Barton:


I have some good news for the Spanish War Veterans and direct heirs of the Veterans who were in the Philippines.

This particular bill has been before Congress, more or less, regularly for the past 40 years. It was a claim for Travel Pay, which we should have received while in the Islands. This same bill has been vetoed two or three times by President Roosevelt. To day it was passed over the Presidents veto and becomes a law.

The law provides that where veteran has passed on, also the widow, his direct heirs shall become the beneficiary. The amount will be somewhere in the neighborhood of $400.00 to each veteran. The proper application blanks will be along in due tine. I feel sure you will be able to qualify for this claim.[9]

With kindest regards I am,

Very truly yours,

J. H. Alexander

_____

Anaconda, Montana

May 6, 1940

Mrs. Alta C. Barton,

Shoup Idaho

Dear Mrs. Barton:

I’m enclosing a copy of a letter from our National Headquarters, Washington D.C. Would advise you to transact all claims etc. through these offices and you are sure of a square deal, without any cost whatsoever.

In making out any claim, make it out in the affirmative, viz: That you were the daughter of James A. Callahan and (your mothers name here) born (your birthdate) (at place). That on the declaration of the war against Spain, your father enrolled with Company “K” at Anaconda, Montana, April 28, 1898, and was mustered into the service May 8, 1898, at Helena, Montana. Saw active service in the Philippines, and was killed in action, near Calumet April 26, 1899. Leave it up to the government to prove that you are not a bonafide daughter as claimed.

I know you should meet with success.

Sincerely yours,

J.H. Alexander


After decades of silence, Alta’s letters drew out memories long buried in other men’s hearts. Some were factual; others tender or uncertain. Together, they helped her finally piece together her father’s story. In the summer of 1940, Alta was diagnosed with ovarian cancer. She moved to Butte to live with her daughter Edna and to be near Ed and Nora, who were also living there. She underwent treatments and surgery. Though weakened, she never stopped pursuing the Army’s recognition but had to enlist her daughter, Edna Harris, to help her finish what she had begun.


August 3, 1940

Mr. J.H. Alexander

521 Oak Street

Anaconda, Montana

Dear Mr. Alexander:

I am enclosing letter and form which was mailed to Mother by the General Accounting Office in Washington.

I have completed this form as much as possible. I wondered if you and Mr. Fitzpatrick (I believe that was the name of the gentleman you took me to see) would sign as corroborating witnesses.

Mr. Monahan has already acknowledges the signatures as a favor to us. He stated that he didn’t think the fact that you lived in another County made any difference. If you can supply any of the information which I have left out, I will greatly appreciate you doing so.

I am leaving for a two weeks trip to the Coast so if there is anything which my Mother should do, please write her at 1901 Florence Ave. in Butte. Thanking you for you kind cooperation, I am

Yours very truly,

E.B. Harris

19091 Florence Ave.


Document titled "Settlement of Claim" from 1940, addressed to Alta Callahan Barton. It details a claim for $175.48 regarding a travel allowance owed to her father, James A. Callahan.
Notice of Settlement of Claim, October 10, 1940

Alta died on December 31, 1940. Recognition came only weeks before her passing.

Her portion of the settlement came later and was issued to her heirs. Alta’s heirs received $175.48—no small sum during the Depression—and her brother Edward Callahan, received the same amount.

In the end, what the Army finally sent across those forty years wasn’t only travel pay—it was proof and a place to lay a father’s name to rest.

Montana Standard (Butte, Montana) January 1, 1941, page 9
Death Notice
Mrs. Alta Barton Taken by Death

Mrs. Alta Callahan Barton, 53, died Tuesday at the home of her son-in-law and daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Walter Harris, 1901 Florence Avenue.

Mrs. Barton had been a resident of Butte for 10 months. She came here from the Salmon River valley in Idaho, where she had spent her entire life prior to making her home with Mr.and Mrs. Harris. She was the widow of the late Peter Barton.

Surviving relatives, in addition to Mr. and Mrs. Harris, are two sons and daughter-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. Peter Barton of Darby, and Mr. and Mrs. Myron Barton, of Wallace, Idaho; two sons-in-law and four daughters, Mr. and Mrs. Phil Henne of Butte, Mr. and Mrs. Max Dudley of Billings, and Mrs. Julia Bostelman of Pomme, Calif., and Miss Ethel Barton, Panama Canal Zone; a brother and sister-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. Edward Callahan, Butte a half-brother, William Taylor, Salmon, Idaho; a brother-in-law, W.B. Barton, Butte, and several grandchildren, nieces and nephews.


NOTES

[1] See Down the Salmon River, Annie Callahan Taylor and the Early Mining Camps for details of Alta Hawthorne (Callahan) Barton’s life—from her birth through 1927.

[2] Interview with Billy Taylor, Salmon National Forest as found at: https://www.familysearch.org/en/search/catalog/2680300

[3] A family story related to me by Peter Barton, Jr.

[4] Pete is Peter Barton, Jr., Edna’s brother.

[5] E.B.H. stands for Edna Barton Harris, Alta Callahan Barton's daughter.

[6] Edward C. Callahan is how it is written in the document but the initial of his middle name should have be “G” for Graves.

[7] The true date of James and Annie’s marriage was June 17, 1886. Annie may have written that date in her personal papers to bely the fact that she was pregnant at the time of their wedding.

[8] Theo Henne is Alta Callahan Barton’s daughter.

[9] On May 2, 1940, Congress passed the Philippine Travel Pay Act (Public Law 499, 76th Congress), a statute that granted retroactive travel allowances to veterans of the Spanish–American War, Philippine Insurrection, and Boxer Rebellion—or to their heirs if the veterans had died. For decades, surviving veterans had petitioned Congress for reimbursement of the cost of traveling from their discharge points back home in the United States. President Franklin D. Roosevelt vetoed earlier versions of the measure several times, citing expense and the government’s prior provisions. Congress persisted, and in 1940 overrode his objections. As a result, heirs such as Alta Callahan Barton and her brother Edward Callahan finally received compensation more than forty years after their father’s service.

Family stories and western migrations, researched and retold by S.E. Crie.


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